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Forum for Epiphytic Myrmecophytes

Derrick

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Everything posted by Derrick

  1. Jay, I am quoting your last paragraph re Philodendron in THE BOOK. Appropriately credited and linked to this site of course. Thanks to this thread and Philpatrick's lead regarding myrmecophytic figs, I have more to keep me busy on rainy days. My Facebook Myrmecophyte group is currently attracting a new member every day, and from many corners of our planet, which is surely connected to the release of my e/book. One hopes that among the young, there will be the leaders of the future.
  2. Yes, a truly fantastic article that I will need to study in detail. It provides new leads for additions to my 2020 edition and photos I would love to have access to. Would future book editions provide much better dissemination to the world's myrmecophyte fraternity of the invaluable information Jay and his contacts provide? Outside of the jargon filled world of academia there are very few information sources for the lay public. I certainly welcome others to assist or even take over my book project. I also welcome corrections or whatever, but feed back so far has been virtually zero. Indeed, have my efforts been a waste of my time? Yet from the constant rate of new members now joining my Facebook group from all over the world, it seems it is being spread widely. Incidentally, I promote all of the pertinent information platforms. Being partisan as some so evidently are, does NOT help the spread of knowledge. New World ant gardens were once better known than Old World examples, presumably because of easier access. Certainly it was thought (in Europe?) that ant gardens were only common in the New World tropics where most had long been studied (obviously rather poorly?). Dr Eve Kaufman (2003) in her ground breaking study found them to be abundant in the tropics of Southeast Asia." http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2003/273/pdf/KaufmannEva.pdf Feedback. Its correctly Dolichoderinae. The very large ant-garden sizes Jay quotes are certainly new to me and presumably to most if not all Old World field workers. Also, I am not aware if Australia has any ant gardens. I have never seen one or found a written record. We do have myrmecophyte guilds but that means little in this regard. Already my 2019 edition is being superseded. For example, explorer botanist Mark Gregory Rule has provided photos of another Philippine mistletoe species with an ant inhabited haustorium. Of course, these photos raise more questions than answers without ecological study, but interest is being raised among those with access to these plant's habitats. Jay. Are your contacts working in the field sufficiently interested to read my book/data base and provide pertinent comments and habitat photos?
  3. I am adding Disterigma utleyorum to a 2020 edition of THE BOOK. (Currently it is raining again here) As an ant garden resident it warrants inclusion. I welcome any news regarding other epiphytic species. My impression is that the others mentioned above are terrestrial????
  4. A Van der Pijl 773 (BO) Nengo, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi collection is recorded by H&J p281 as “Pollen and flower characters are also uniform” (referring to all their Sulawesi M. tuberosa variants) “except in Van der Pijl's collection, which also differs in the massive (stiff) black spines, red under sides to the leaves and caducous (quickly lost) stipules. The final treatment of these specimens must await further material.” Perhaps some connection?
  5. KLU I have since discovered is University Malaysia Herbarium, Kuala Lumpur. It seems it is not digitised.
  6. I place this here for obvious reasons. Will the real Myrmecodia bracteata please reveal itself. M. bracteata nom. nud. See M. tuberosa Jack “bracteata”. I have no source for the name of this “variant”. It possibly originates from one of the following collections (H&J p279) but they have proven difficult to locate on line. C. R. Huxley & Jebb, https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565633 Except. Anderson, Jar: S 9873, (1958) On a stunted padang (open area) tree, in the centre of peat swamp. Borneo Island, Malaysia. Sarawak Province, Lobok Pasir, Baram River. Yet both of these Leiden sheets are endorsed M. tuberosa ‘muelleri’ sic. http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2936351 And, Purseglove P4893, Lae, Sarawak, Telok Asam, Bako Nat. Park, http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2936354 Collections not found on line. . Borneo, Central Kalimantan, Pangkalang, Westerafd, Dunselman 153 (BO). Brunei, Tutong District, van Niel 4330 (L). Sarawak, Bako, Carrick & Enoch 167 (KLU) presumably K. L. U. Sarawak. Baram River, Haviland & Hose s.n (1894.) (K). Sarawak, Kuching. Beccari P.B. 361 (FI.)
  7. So they have removed the evidence of their error rather than fixing it. Typical bureaucrats. Myrmecodia beccarii was recorded on Rio Tinto's land by their own surveyors; so without doubt very rare populations are being destroyed. That is if any are now left.
  8. Have you checked it against this species. H. davisii Jebb & C. R. Huxley, sp. nov. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum, Blumea 64 p52. (2019). With illustration and a member of their West New Guinea group. Holotype, Davis et al. 800, K, isotypes BO, L, MAN. West New Guinea, West Papua Province, Kebar valley, (1995). https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/669947 BO. (Bogor) H. Davis et al. 800 http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000761943 BO. H. Davis et al. 800 http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000761944 Leiden H. Davis et al 800 http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L%20%200495915 Leiden, Davis et al, 800 http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L%20%200495916 Description. Tubers large (to 30x20 cm.), chambered and reminiscent of the amazing terrestrial species H. caminiferum in having chimneyed entrances, yet this species is epiphytic. Branches to 1m. long, flowers sessile in leaf nodes, with an iridescent quality, corolla rich in raphides, perianth in fours, fleshy and fragile. Corolla throats white-hairy, 5 mm across, with yellowish anthers. Habitat/Range. Mid-montane primary forest on ridge of granites and volcanic sediments. On stunted, 10 m. (33 ft.) leaning Nothofagus (Southern Beech) trees, rooting on the underside of branches in moss. Trail from Andjai to Gunung (Mt.) Nettoti near Base Camp 2, at 1740 m. (5709 ft.) Kebar Valley, Manokwari District, West Papua Province, West New Guinea Island. Infauna. Unknown but no ants recorded.
  9. Myrmecodia paradoxa C. R. Huxley & Jebb. sp nov. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 5: A revision of Myrmecodia, Blumea Vol. 37 (2) p319, (1993), In key P275. Clypeoli well defined by a rim of spines lying in one plane, hiding the alveoli p17. M. paradoxa http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565633 Type, Papua New Guinea, Jebb 249, holotype LAE. However, Lae 258253 is filed as Myrmecodia platytyrea subsp. platytyrea, M. Jebb 249, 18 Apr (1983), Papua New Guinea, Sandaun (West Sepik Province) 6 k. NE of Telefomin on path to Eliptamin. Habitat: Casuarina/ Allocasuarina stand on sloping ground. Habit. Low epiphyte. Semi-circular arrays of entrance holes on tuber. Fruit red, pyrenes 7. http://www.pngplants.org/search.htm Description. Superficially very similar to M. platytyrea but tuber dissections reveal wide, warted chambers surrounded by an open network of smooth chambers similar to those of M. sterrophylla. Tuber pendent, irregularly cylindrical, often curved downwards, 15x8 cm, ridged, coloured dark brown with spines mostly on ridges. Entrance holes in semi-circular arcs; pores present. Stem solitary, unbranched, ascending, tapered over 3-4 cm at apex; clypeoli very prominent, longer than wide, densely rimmed by simple spines to 1 cm long. Leaves clustered at stem apex; fruit red, seed 7-8. Habitat/Range in low positions on She Oak Casuarina/Allocasuarina trees "or montane forest" at 1720-1880 m. (5643-6168 ft.) sympatric with M. sterrophylla.
  10. Myrmecodia kutubuensis C. R. Huxley & Jebb. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 5: A revision of Myrmecodia, Blumea Vol. 37 (2) p294, (1993) http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565633 Type, Papua New Guinea, H. J. Gay, 23, (1993) holotype LAE. Not found online. Other collections. Dr Honor Gay, 60, Southern Highlands Province, Lake Kutubu north bank, ½m above water’s edge on a bankside (NOT bankshire sic) tree. With Lecanopteris sinuosa. Infauna. Pheidole ants. http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2936142 Lae 258375 no image. Gay 57. As kukubuensis in error. http://www.pngplants.org/
  11. Myrmecodia gracilispina C. R. Huxley & Jebb. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 5: A revision of Myrmecodia, Blumea Vol. 37 (2) p331, (1993). http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/565633 Type, Papua New Guinea, Jebb106, holotype LAE. Jebb 106. Is filed as M. garcilispina in error. (1980) Eastern Highlands Province, past Duto on road beyond Lufa, Mt. Michael. in Nothofagus - Castanopsis forest. http://www.pngplants.org/
  12. Myrmecodia ferox C. R. Huxley & Jebb. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 5: A revision of Myrmecodia, Blumea Vol. 37 (2) p329. (1993). Type, Papua New Guinea, Jebb 299, holotype LAE. Jebb 299 is filed as M. lerox in error. http://www.pngplants.org/specImages/LAE258556.jpg
  13. H. radicans Becc “madai caves, borneo” requires investigation as a possible new species or a range extension. (1968) Borneo Island, Malaysia, Sabah State, Madai caves, Madai Baturong Forest Reserve at 100 m. (328 ft.). Kokawa & Hotta, 1119 http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2913875
  14. H. dolichophyllum Val. (Theodoric Valeton) in Just’s botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder, vol.61, p130, (1927) (Bot. Jahrb. Syst.), Digitised to 1922. Update Types, Ledermann 9889 (L), Papua New Guinea, Sepik Province, Lordberg, (1912) & Ledermann 12723 (L), Papua New Guinea, Sepik Province, Felsspitze, (1913), syn. nov. of H. linearifolium. Jebb & C. R. Huxley. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum, Blumea 64, p78. (2019.) Ledermann 9889. Not found online but see 9700. Ledermann 12723 (1913), http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2913930 Ex Museo Berlin Ledermann 9700. (1912) http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L%20%200000491
  15. H. subfalcifolium Val. (Theodoric Valeton.) Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder, vol.61, p141, (1927). (Bot. Jahrb. Syst.) Not yet digitised. A narrow-leafed species. Update. Type, Schlechter 14202 (Berlin H. presumed lost), Papua New Guinea, between Ramu and coast, (1902), syn. nov. of H. moseleyanum in Jebb & C. R. Huxley. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64, p48, (2019.) Collections. Schlechter (1902.) auf dem Wege vom Ramu zur Kuste. = on the way from the Ramu (river) to the coast, which indicates a collection in Morobe Province. Schlechter 14202 http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000761949 Syntype, Schlechter 30119 (1909) Papua New Guinea, Sandaun, West Sepik Province, Torricelli Mountains, at 700m. (2297 ft.) http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000761950 Syntype, Swedish M N H. Schlechter 20119 Note error. https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.s05-11012 I find it difficult to accept that this collection belongs in H. moseleyanum.
  16. H. rium Jebb & C. R. Huxley in press. http://pharmacy.utah.edu/ICBG/pdf/WebResources/ForestBiodiversity/Johns-2009-Milne-Bay-flora.pdf This was probably an intended manuscript name but it was not published by Jebb & C. R. Huxley in their (2019) Hydnophytum revision. https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/669947 Notes In lower montane forest at 300 m (984 ft.) on Sudest and Rossel Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, PNG. This specific name is probably derived from Mt Riu on Sudest Island. (Johns et al. 2009.) No herbarium specimens found thus it seems very probable this is now H. orichalcum.
  17. Jason. I suggest you browse a few photos of M. schlechteri growing in their natural habitats where they often experience months of drought especially during El Nino weather phases. During such the western tropical Pacific Ocean nations experience very dry conditions while the Americas experience floods. Your plant is not recognizable in its current condition. You need to study a lot more about the best ways to cultivate these plants. Furthermore, changes to cultivation regimes should never be very sudden. Your plants need time to adjust to less water, much better airflow and probably better nutrition. Ants are great providers.
  18. H. papuanum Becc. (Odoardo Beccari) Malesia 2, p124 (1884) f p147, t36, (1885.) http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44197923#page/261/mode/1up Tavola 36 http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44197923#page/159/mode/1up Species Conspectus http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44197923#page/238/mode/1up Update. Type: Beccari #186 (lectotype FI, isotype K), West New Guinea, West Papua Province, Sorong, (1872) syn. nov. of H. moseleyanum Becc. In Jebb & C. R. Huxley. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64, p47, (2019.) Lectotype, FI. https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.fi008877 Isotype Kew. http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000761954 This sheet notes, top left “fruit presumably cultivated in Kew Gardens by Forbes (1889)” http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000761955
  19. H. montivagum West New Guinea, Papua Province, Beaufort River, collector A. Pulle, #307 (1912.) This herbarium sheet was labelled H. streimannianum but was endorsed H. montivagum Huxley & Jebb in 1991 but this name is not used in their 2019 revision. http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2913589 Update. However, there is a mention of the collection Pulle 307 under H. ellipticum Merr & Perry which presumably is its current status. I quote “Pulle 307 reputedly comes from low altitude (80 m), and although this may be correct, it is also possible that the measure represents camp data rather than the actual collection site”. See Jebb & C. R. Huxley in The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum, Blumea 64, p39. (2019.) Pulle 307 http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/L.2913588 And http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/U.1561889 Papua New Guinea; Southern Highlands Province, 3k. SW of Erave on ridge top, E of path from Erave to Sawmilli. The collection “Jebb 429” is also assigned to H. ellipticum on p38 of their revision. http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/L.2913587 Other collections still listed as H montivagum on herbarium sheets., Isotype. Low level epiphyte. Tuber hanging by roots, no ants. Papua New Guinea, Sandaun (West Sepik) Province, 7k. NE of Telefomin on path to Eliptamin, (1983.) Jebb 246, http://bioportal.naturalis.nl/specimen/L 0843020 Southern Highland Province, 3k. SW of Erave on ridge top to E path of Erave to Sawmill (1983). Sandaun (West Sepik) Province, 7k. NE of Telefomin on Path to Eliptamin. West New Guinea, Papua Province, Holuwon, Baliem river, 1980. Jebb 122 & 433 http://www.pngplants.org/search.htm
  20. Leaf vein numbers are not a useful guide to identify members of the H. formicarum complex. For example, the sunken taxon H. mindorense Merr., has 5 lateral veins. Also, J& H note 3-12 lateral veins on their formicarum concept in the recent revision. Leaf shape also is a poor guide especially for some of the Philippine taxa which i suspect will become full species. More chromosome counts may be helpful..
  21. H. communis Val. A manuscript name for (1920) Lam collection 446, West New Guinea Island, Papua Province, Mamberamo River, Pionierbivak at 70 m. (230 ft.) One of a number of camps on this major expedition. Endorsed as H. radicans by C. R. Huxley on the following sheets. Lam 446 http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2913968 Lam 446 http://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.2913928 There is no mention in Jebb & Huxley 2019
  22. One cannot be sure because of insufficient detail but its probably not H. formicarum.
  23. The crux of this post is that the quoted types of online available specimens are NOT filed as H. terrestris. I can only find the one below which is endorsed H. montis-kani. I found it by using its collector's number, Kairo 459. H. terrestris Jebb & C. R. Huxley, sp. nov. The tuberous epiphytes of the Rubiaceae 7: a revision of the genus Hydnophytum. Blumea 64, pp67/68, (2019.) A member of their Papua New Guinea group. Type Kairo 459, (holotype LAE; isotype A, Bulolo, CBG (Chicago Botanical Garden), K, L, UPNG). Papua New Guinea, Lufa, track to Mt Michael, 5 k. SW Lufa. Errata. Lae Herbarium has this filed as, Hydnophytum montis-kani A. Kairo 459, 12 Apr 1982, Locality: Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands: Track to Mt. Michael, 5km SW of Lufa. (06 21 S,145 17 E)” Habitat: Disturbed, Nothofagus (Antarctic or Southern Beech) dominated ridge forest. Habit/Notes: Small, erect branched treelet, height 15m??? Presumably its perch height. Leaves dull dark green above, dull green below, flowers white, fruit brownish..
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